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Henrietta Lacks, neta Loretta Pleasant, (nascuda l’1 d’agost de 1920 a Roanoke, Virgínia, EUA, va morir el 4 d’octubre de 1951 a Baltimore, Maryland), una dona nord-americana les cèl·lules del càncer de coll de l’úter van ser la font de la línia de cèl·lules HeLa. a nombrosos avenços científics importants.
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Faces americanes famoses: fet o ficció?
Clarence Darrow era un famós fiscal del segle XIX.
Després que la seva mare va morir al part el 1924, el seu pare es va traslladar amb els seus deu fills a Clover, Virginia, on els va dividir entre parents per ser criats. Henrietta va ser així criada pel seu avi, que també tenia cura d'un altre nét, el cosí David d'Henrietta, conegut com a Day. Henrietta i Day es van casar el 10 d'abril de 1941. Animat per un cosí, aviat es va traslladar al nord a Maryland per treballar a la siderúrgica Spetrows Point de Bethlehem Steel, que estava en auge amb la demanda generada per la Segona Guerra Mundial. Poc després, Henrietta i els fills de la parella es van unir a Day a la estació de Turner, Maryland, una comunitat fora de Baltimore, on vivien molts dels treballadors siderúrgics afroamericans.
Abans del cinquè embaràs, Henrietta havia percebut un "nus" dins d'ella, i un sagnat preocupant i evidències d'un cop al cèrvix diversos mesos després de parir finalment la van enviar a Henrietta al seu metge. Va ser derivada al departament de ginecologia de l'Hospital Johns Hopkins de Baltimore, on el febrer de 1951 una biòpsia va indicar la presència d'un tumor cervical que havia estat desapercebut pels metges tant al naixement del seu fill el 19 de setembre de 1950 com a un seguit. -examen final sis setmanes després.
After further tests, Henrietta received the first of several radium treatments, the standard of care for the day, which involved stitching small glass tubes of the radioactive metal secured in fabric pouches—called Brack plaques—to the cervix. While performing the procedure, the surgeon extracted two small tissue samples: one from Henrietta’s tumour and one from healthy cervical tissue close by. The samples from Henrietta’s cervix were among many extracted for physician George Gey, the head of tissue culture research at Johns Hopkins, who was searching for an “immortal” cell line for use in cancer research. Unlike previous samples, Henrietta’s cancerous cells—called HeLa, from Henrietta Lacks—not only survived but also multiplied at an extraordinary rate. Henrietta herself was unaware that any sample had been taken; at that time it was not uncommon to study patients and their tissues without their knowledge or consent (see Tuskegee syphilis study).
While her cells thrived, Henrietta declined. By September the cancer had spread throughout her body, and early the following month Henrietta died. However, the HeLa cells, famed for their longevity,continued to thrive in culture long after Henrietta’s death. HeLa became a ubiquitous study material, contributing to the development of drugs for numerous ailments, including polio, Parkinson disease, and leukemia. In spite of this, until the 1970s Henrietta’s role was unknown even to her family. In the 21st century Henrietta’s case was an important component in the debate surrounding informed consent from patients for the extraction and use of cells in research. In 2013 the National Institutes of Health (NIH) granted the Lacks family control over how data on the HeLa cell genome would be used (the genome of a HeLa cell line had been sequenced in full earlier that year). Two members of the Lacks family formed part of the NIH’s HeLa Genome Data Access working group, which reviewed researchers’ applications for access to the HeLa sequence information.
